In 2018, the World Carillon Federation adopted carillonist as the preferred term for its communications. Another common term is carillonist, which some players of the carillon have wished to replace carillonneur because of the former's gender inclusivity, simple spelling, and unambiguous pronunciation. Though the word carillonneur literally refers to carillon players that are men, the French carillonneuse to denote women is not used in English. It and carillon were adopted by English speakers after the introduction of the instrument to British troops following the War of the Spanish Succession in the 18th century. Ī musician who plays the carillon is commonly called a carillonneur ( US: / ˌ k ɛr ə l ə ˈ n ɜːr/ KERR-ə-lə- NUR, UK: / k ə ˌ r ɪ l j ə ˈ n ɜːr/ kə- RIL-yə- NUR ), also loaned from French. Dutch speakers use the word beiaard, which has an uncertain etymology. 'bells set'), which should not be confused with the identically named glockenspiel. In German, as well as using the French term, a carillon is sometimes called a Glockenspiel ( lit. There is convincing evidence that the term referred initially to the medieval custom of chiming on sets of four church bells by pulling the clappers by means of ropes. It is often stated that carillon may have referred originally to a set of four forestrike bells whose melodies announced the time signal of public hour bells, but this is not confirmed by archival sources. The word quarregon originates from Latin quaternionem ' set of four ' from quater ' four times '. It is derived from Old French carignon (an alteration of quarregon) ' a set of four bells '.
The word carillon is a loanword from French dating to the late 18th century. A few "traveling" or "mobile" carillons are fixed to a frame that enables them to be transported. A plurality are located in the United States, and most of the others in Western Europe. Additionally, there are about 500 "non-traditional" carillons, which due to some component of its action being electrified or computerized, most registries do not consider to be carillons. Almost all extant carillons were constructed in the 20th century. Most are in and around the Low Countries, though nearly 200 have been constructed in North America. UNESCO has designated 56 belfries in Belgium and France as a World Heritage Site and recognized the carillon culture of Belgium as an intangible cultural heritage.Īccording to counts by various registries, there are about 700 carillons worldwide. The instrument experienced a peak until the late-18th century, a decline during the French Revolution, a revival in the late 19th century, a second decline during the First and Second World Wars, and a second revival thereafter. The modern carillon was invented in 1644 when Jacob van Eyck and the Hemony brothers cast the first tuned carillon. The origins of the carillon can be traced to the Low Countries-present-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and the French Netherlands-in the 16th century.
The bells of a carillon may be directly exposed to the elements or hidden inside the structure of their tower. They may be found in towers which are free-standing or connected to a building. The appearance of a carillon depends on the number and weight of the bells and the tower in which it is housed. Standard-sized instruments have about 50, and the world's largest has 77 bells. To be considered a carillon, a minimum of 23 bells are needed otherwise, it is called a chime. Most weigh between 4.5 and 15 metric tons (5.0 and 16.5 short tons). They are among the world's heaviest instruments, and the heaviest carillon weighs over 91 metric tons (100 short tons). They can include an automatic system through which the time is announced and simple tunes are played throughout the day.Ĭarillons come in many designs, weights, sizes, and sounds.
Often housed in bell towers, carillons are usually owned by churches, universities, or municipalities. They are struck with clappers connected to a keyboard of wooden batons played with the hands and pedals played with the feet. The bells are cast in bronze, hung in fixed suspension, and tuned in chromatic order so that they can be sounded harmoniously together. For other uses, see Carillon (disambiguation).Ī carillonneur plays the 56-bell carillon of the Plummer Building, Rochester, Minnesota, US The 56-bell carillon of Saint Joseph's Oratory, Montreal, Canada Ī carillon ( US: / ˈ k ɛr ə l ɒ n/ KERR-ə-lon, UK: / k ə ˈ r ɪ l j ən/ kə- RIL-yən ) is a pitched percussion instrument that is played with a keyboard and consists of at least 23 bells. This article is about the musical instrument.
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